“Asking, “What is a beginning?”, this book brings together history, philosophy, structuralism and critical theory in a work of literary criticism. It differentiates beginning from origin; the latter is divine and mythical, the former secular, humanly produced and ceaselessly re-examined” (Publisher’s note). A classic among late 20th Century literary criticism and a personal favourite: An important work, not flawless but so brillantly written, perfect to get lost in! – It discusses Dickens, Conrad, Hardy, T.E. Lawrence, Nietzsche, Freud, Vico and Michel Foucault. “Drawing on the insights of Vico, Valery, Nietzsche, Saussure, Lévi-Strauss, Husserl, and Foucault, Said recognizes the novel as the major attempt in Western literary culture to give beginnings an authorizing function in experience, art, and knowledge. Scholarship should see itself as a beginning—as a uniting of theory and practice. Said’s insistence on a criticism that is humane and socially responsible is what makes Beginnings a book about much more than writing: it is about imagination and action as well as the constraints on freedom and invention that come from human intention and the method of its fulfillment.”